Tramways and metro are useful sustainable technologies to meet the IPCC prescription on minimizing green house gas (GHG) emissions. With 3.8 eq.CO2/ km in Ile de France, Tramway has a large potential to reduce land-based transport GHG emission on a life cycle basis, in addition to offer benefits for human health.The purpose of the design of a tramway line is to validate the technical feasibility by assessing some engineering constraints such as voltages and currents. However, the design of a tramway line presents many degrees of freedom, such as the position of electrical rectifier substations, the sizing of conductors, or some technological choices (with or without inboard storages for instance). The search space is very large and many combinations could be tested. Therefore, engineers are always trying to find the best compromise between numerical precision and computation time - that hopefully will lead to the best design in term of energy savings and price.Linearization method could be useful in this context, by transforming the electrical network and turning it into a simpler model easier and quicker to solve, engineers would gain some time because modelling precision is secondary in the early stage of their research. On the other hand, for complex networks, with the electrical inter-connexion of multiple lines, and because of the superposition theorem, linearization will allow the decomposition of the network by turning a relatively complex problem into smaller ones.

ObjectivesThis project aims at building a linear model of a tramway line and compare it to the actual methodology developed at ARTELIA group in term of modelling precision and computational time. It will therefore allow to better assess the performance of tramway lines. The project will be undertaken in the context of an existing Tramway line at Nantes.

Work steps• Review the literature on constant power load linearization methods (CPL).• Develop the linearized model of the tramway line.• Perform the simulation of the line with a given traffic and compare the results (voltage magnitudes) with the non-linear model. Assess precision loses and computing time gains.• Ultimately, this achievement could lead to perform simulation on more complex network, with multiple lines, or could be implemented in the optimization process developed at ARTELIA group.

Notre contrat social

Chaque collaborateur est essentiel, raison pour laquelle il est associé à l’avenir et au développement du Groupe. Notre richesse et notre singularité, c’est notre capacité à vous offrir : 

• Une entreprise sociale et citoyenne (accords diversité & inclusion, Fondation Artelia)
• Des opportunités de carrière et une volonté d’accompagner les challenges professionnels (politique formation individualisée, parcours métiers, innovation, mobilité) 

Required resources and skills:The student has an interest in the application of numerical simulation and energy for sustainable devel- opment. She or he will develop skills in applied mathematics, programming with Python, energy conversion, economic and sustainable development.