The proposed internship will focus on studying innovative approaches based on Artificial Intelligence
(AI) methods to estimate the State-of-Safety of Li-ion batteries used in Energy Storage Systems (ESS)
and Electric Vehicles (EV).
Main work of this internship will consist of:

• Analyze battery measurements in real operating conditions and during abuse tests in lab,
• Manage and clean data (erroneous data, incomplete data, duplicates, etc…),
• Test statistical / Machine Learning (ML) approaches to select the relevant features,
• Test different ML approaches to diagnose SoS / ageing mechanisms, and more particularly indicators
  of cell imbalance and Li-plating events,
• Define and use metrics to quantify the robustness of the SoS indicators developed (probability of
  preventing the events, probability of false alerts, etc.),
• Perform SoS / ageing mechanisms forecasts according to different usage profiles.
  Moreover, an analyze could be done to see the impact of various ageing mechanisms on the safety
  behavior of Li-ion batteries.
  Finally, a coupling of the developed AI method(s) with the current semi-empirical approach used for
  SoS alerting could be explored.
  Few references:
  [1] Eliud Cabrera-Castillo, Florian Niedermeier, Andreas Jossen. Calculation of the state of safety (SOS)
  for lithium ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources 324, 2016, 509-520
  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775316306140
  [2] Fernando Almagro Yravedra and Zuyi Li. A complete machine learning approach for predicting
  lithium-ion cell combustion. The Electricity Journal 2021 34 106887
  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040619020301792
  [3] Naha, A., Khandelwal, A., Agarwal, S. et al. Internal short circuit detection in Li-ion batteries using
  supervised machine learning. Sci Rep 10, 1301 (2020).
  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-58021-7#citeas

• Data scientist (machine learning, statistical analyses, data preparation, databases,
Python/Matlab, …)
• Electrochemitry / Energy storage engineering

Manager + team